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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...

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Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System
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Evaluating presynaptic and postsynaptic innervation in heart failure.

Grace P Chen1, James H Caldwell

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|February 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Imaging the cardiac sympathetic nervous system can help predict outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure. This approach evaluates the nerve-muscle connection, offering insights into progressive disease and sudden death risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a growing cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • Current therapies improve symptoms and survival, but patient response varies.
  • Predicting CHF progression, sudden death, or transplantation needs is challenging, especially with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system in CHF.
  • To investigate the myocyte-sympathetic nerve terminal interface in CHF.
  • To assess the utility of cardiac sympathetic nervous system imaging for outcome prediction in CHF.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on the sympathetic nervous system's role in CHF.
  • Investigate the ventricular myocyte-sympathetic nerve terminal interface.
  • Utilize cardiac sympathetic nervous system imaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • The sympathetic nervous system significantly impacts CHF morbidity and mortality.
  • Malfunction at the myocyte-sympathetic nerve terminal interface is a key factor in sudden death and CHF progression.
  • Cardiac sympathetic nervous system imaging can evaluate this interface.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac sympathetic nervous system imaging is a valuable tool for assessing the myoneural interface in CHF.
  • This imaging modality can aid in predicting patient outcomes, including risk of sudden death and disease progression.