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Related Concept Videos

Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
The resident phagocytic macrophages deal with these damaged cells by engulfing them and separating their globin and heme groups.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

Hyperbilirubinemia.

Robin L Watson1

  • 1Neonatal/Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA. rowatson@dhs.lacounty.gov

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
|February 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, or jaundice, affects most newborns and requires vigilant nursing care. Early monitoring and intervention are crucial to prevent potentially devastating effects in infants.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatrics
  • Nursing Care

Background:

  • Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a prevalent condition affecting approximately 60% of term and nearly all preterm infants.
  • Jaundice in newborns, a clinical sign of hyperbilirubinemia, is often underestimated despite its potential for severe complications.
  • This condition frequently requires medical evaluation and treatment, yet may not receive adequate attention compared to other neonatal issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of vigilant nursing care in managing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • To highlight the need for proactive monitoring and risk identification in infants with jaundice.
  • To underscore the potential for severe outcomes if hyperbilirubinemia is not adequately addressed.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations and prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Discussion of the significance of jaundice as a clinical sign.
  • Emphasis on nursing responsibilities in monitoring, risk assessment, and treatment implementation.

Main Results:

  • Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common condition necessitating newborn evaluation and treatment.
  • Jaundice is observed in a high percentage of newborns, particularly preterm infants.
  • The potential for devastating effects necessitates careful management.

Conclusions:

  • Nurses play a critical role in managing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Vigilant monitoring of bilirubin levels and identification of at-risk infants are essential.
  • Effective implementation of prescribed treatments is crucial for preventing severe hyperbilirubinemia and its consequences.