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Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles
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SERRS coded nanoparticles for biomolecular labelling with wavelength-tunable discrimination.

Fiona McKenzie1, Andrew Ingram, Robert Stokes

  • 1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UKG1 1XL.

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|February 25, 2009
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Summary

Researchers developed stable, dye-incorporating nanoparticles using tri-functional linkers. These functionalized nanoparticles serve as reporters for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) and enable multiplexed monitoring, overcoming limitations of current technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Gold and silver nanoparticles offer unique optical properties.
  • Stable nanoparticle functionalization is crucial for biological applications.
  • Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) requires efficient reporter systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop tri-functional linkers for stable nanoparticle surface complexation.
  • To create SERRS-active nanoparticles with tunable optical properties.
  • To demonstrate multiplexed monitoring capabilities for SERRS reporters.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of tri-functional linkers for gold and silver nanoparticles.
  • Characterization of nanoparticle stability and monodispersity in biological buffers.
  • Incorporation of dyes for SERRS signal generation and wavelength control.
  • Biomolecule conjugation using Alexafluor 680 labelled streptavidin.

Main Results:

  • Tri-functional linkers provide excellent stability and monodispersity to nanoparticles.
  • Functionalized nanoparticles act as effective SERRS reporters.
  • Tunable chromophores allow precise control over SERRS excitation wavelengths.
  • Demonstrated multiplexed SERRS monitoring of excitation events.

Conclusions:

  • Tri-functional linkers enable robust nanoparticle functionalization for SERRS.
  • These SERRS nanoparticles offer advantages over molecular fluorophores and quantum dots for multiplexed sensing.
  • The developed system has potential for simultaneous monitoring in various research areas.