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Interleaved balanced SSFP imaging: artifact reduction using gradient waveform grouping.

Jon-Fredrik Nielsen1, Krishna S Nayak

  • 1Magnetic Resonance Engineering Laboratory, Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-2564, USA. jfnielse@usc.edu

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|February 27, 2009
PubMed
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Gradient waveform grouping reduces steady-state signal distortions in balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) MRI. This strategy effectively mitigates artifacts, particularly with higher grouping numbers (N), improving image quality in cardiac imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Interleaved balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequences are susceptible to signal distortions.
  • These artifacts arise from slightly unbalanced eddy-current fields.
  • Mitigating these distortions is crucial for accurate MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze steady-state signal distortions in interleaved bSSFP.
  • To develop a general strategy for mitigating eddy-current induced artifacts.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in cardiac imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical Bloch simulations and experimental phantom measurements were used.
  • A 'grouped' interleaved bSSFP strategy was implemented, varying the grouping number (N).

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  • The strategy was applied to cardiac velocity mapping using interleaved phase-contrast imaging.

    • Main Results:

    • Signal distortions systematically decreased with increasing grouping number (N).
    • Significant artifact suppression was achieved for most tissues with N=4.
    • Blood signal distortions remained relatively high even for N>4, while in vivo imaging showed reduced artifacts with N=6 compared to N=2.

    Conclusions:

    • Gradient waveform grouping is a simple and effective strategy for mitigating eddy-current distortions in interleaved bSSFP.
    • Significant distortions in blood pose a challenge for cardiovascular bSSFP applications.
    • The grouping concept may also benefit transient imaging approaches.