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Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...

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A Step Beyond BRET: Fluorescence by Unbound Excitation from Luminescence (FUEL)
07:04

A Step Beyond BRET: Fluorescence by Unbound Excitation from Luminescence (FUEL)

Published on: May 23, 2014

Fluorescent revelations.

Carsten Schultz1

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysical Instrumentation Unit, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. schultz@embl.de

Chemistry & Biology
|February 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish revolutionized life science research. Its discovery, structural determination, and diverse applications earned its pioneers the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The discovery of jellyfish fluorescent proteins.
  • Early expression of fluorescent proteins in living animals.
  • Elucidation of the structural basis for fluorescence.

Observation:

  • Detailed investigation of the fluorescence mechanism.
  • Development of diverse fluorescent protein variants.
  • Establishment of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a vital research tool.

Findings:

  • Green fluorescent protein (GFP) significantly advanced biological sciences.
  • Key scientific contributions led to the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
  • The structural and mechanistic understanding of GFP enabled its widespread use.

Implications:

  • Transformed methodologies in life science research.
  • Enabled unprecedented visualization of biological processes.
  • Facilitated breakthroughs across various biological disciplines.