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Related Concept Videos

Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or 4186 J/kg/K.
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III01:25

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III

The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents the number of degrees of freedom of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas in terms of d is
Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is the kilocalorie...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the atoms and...
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Kinks in the electronic specific heat.

A Toschi1, M Capone, C Castellani

  • 1Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strongly correlated metals show unexpected heat capacity changes, deviating from standard theories. Experiments confirm these materials resist cooling at low temperatures more than anticipated.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Landau Fermi-liquid theory describes normal metals' electronic specific heat as linear at low temperatures.
  • Strongly correlated metals exhibit complex electronic behaviors not fully explained by standard theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heat capacity of strongly correlated metals.
  • To compare experimental and theoretical findings with Landau Fermi-liquid theory.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) study of the correlated Hubbard model.
  • Experimental measurements on LiV2O4.

Main Results:

  • A distinct kink in the temperature dependence of heat capacity was observed.
  • This kink indicates a transition from an initial linear regime to a second linear regime with a reduced slope.
  • Experimental results on LiV2O4 corroborated the theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Strongly correlated metals display significant deviations from Landau Fermi-liquid theory.
  • These materials are less conductive to cooling at low temperatures than predicted by their intermediate-temperature behavior.