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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and pressure, that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

Time-resolved electronic phase transitions in manganites.

T Z Ward1, X G Zhang, L F Yin

  • 1Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex transition metal oxides exhibit poorly understood electronic phase transitions. Researchers observed single electronic phase domain fluctuations in manganite systems at the metal-insulator transition, revealing insights into phase separation.

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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • First-order electronic phase transitions in complex transition metal oxides are not well understood.
  • These transitions are crucial for emergent phenomena like electronic phase separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of electronic phase transitions at the nanoscale.
  • To observe single electronic phase domain fluctuations within a critical regime.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a manganite system reduced to the scale of its inherent electronic charge-ordered insulating and ferromagnetic metal phase domains.
  • Observed fluctuations at the metal-insulator transition under varying temperature and magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • Direct observation of single electronic phase domain fluctuations was achieved.
  • The study focused on the critical regime of temperature and magnetic field.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide direct insight into the dynamics of electronic phase transitions.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key to comprehending electronic phase separation in complex oxides.