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Updated: Jun 25, 2026
Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections
Published on: July 31, 2017
Immunohistochemical analysis of ocular hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas in dogs
Heather L Chandler1, Kimberly M Newkirk, Donna F Kusewitt
1The Ohio State University, College of Optometry, 320 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. chandler.111@osu.edu
Purpose:
To determine if molecular markers typically associated with ultraviolet exposure could be detected in canine ocular hemangiomas (HA) and hemangiosarcomas (HSA).
Methods:
Paraffin-embedded samples of canine ocular HA (n = 6) and HSA (n = 6) were examined for the presence of p53, p21, p16, cyclin D, PCNA, pAkt, telomerase, and estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha using immunohistochemistry.
Results:
p53 and cyclin D protein were not detected in any of the canine HA or HSA samples. The majority of the HA and HSA were negative for both p21 and telomerase. pAkt immunoreactivity was absent in one HA, one HSA, but was present in five HA and five HSA. All of the HA or HSA samples were strongly positive for p16 and PCNA. ERalpha was expressed in all of the samples examined; there was more intense staining in the HSA samples compared to the HA samples.
Conclusions:
Results from this study describe the protein expression, via immunohistochemistry, that might be altered in UV exposure in HA and HAS formation. p53 may not play an important role in tumor development; rather, in the tumors examined, expression of cell cycle regulators independent of the p53 pathway appear central in HA and HSA formation and progression. In addition, this study finds that ERalpha may be involved in promoting the invasive behavior associated with HSA.
