Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Giant Right Atrial Aneurysm: Observation Versus Intervention.

JACC. Case reports·2026
Same author

Primary surgical closure of complete sternal cleft in a neonate.

JTCVS techniques·2026
Same author

Mini-thoracotomy Access for Endovascular Aortic Stenting in Pediatric Patients.

Pediatric cardiology·2026
Same author

Bioprosthetic versus mechanical surgical aortic valve replacement in patients ≥65 years of age.

JTCVS open·2026
Same author

Temporizing Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Decompensated Severe Aortic Stenosis.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
Same author

Genetic Syndromes Do Not Affect Survival but Increase Morbidity in Neonates with Symptomatic Tetralogy of Fallot.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
06:59

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Published on: August 26, 2025

The modified Fontan procedure and prolonged pleural effusions.

Christopher E Mascio1, Matthew Wayment, Tarah T Colaizy

  • 1Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, 201 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 1200, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. cmascio@ucsamd.com

The American Surgeon
|March 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged pleural effusions are common after the modified Fontan procedure. Higher preoperative pulmonary artery pressure may predict these effusions, impacting chest tube use and hospital stay.

More Related Videos

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
03:22

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
06:59

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Published on: August 26, 2025

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
03:22

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • The modified Fontan procedure is a critical surgery for single-ventricle congenital heart defects.
  • Prolonged pleural drainage is a frequent complication, but its predictors remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify perioperative variables associated with prolonged pleural effusions following the modified Fontan procedure.
  • To understand risk factors for extended drainage and hospitalization after Fontan surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 41 patients undergoing the modified Fontan procedure.
  • Comparison of perioperative data between patients with and without prolonged pleural effusions (defined as >14 days).
  • Statistical analysis to identify significant risk factors, including preoperative pulmonary artery pressure, Fontan type, and fenestration.

Main Results:

  • Ten patients (24%) experienced prolonged pleural effusions.
  • Patients with prolonged effusions had significantly higher mean chest tube output, longer chest tube duration, and increased length of hospital stay.
  • Elevated preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly associated with prolonged effusions (P=0.001).
  • Fontan type, fenestration, and conduit size were not identified as risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged pleural effusions are a significant complication after the modified Fontan procedure.
  • Preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure is a potential predictor of prolonged pleural effusions.
  • Further research may focus on managing elevated pulmonary artery pressure to reduce effusions.