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Related Concept Videos

Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.
Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions01:16

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...
Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A diode...

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Fundamental limit for two-dimensional passive devices.

Rafael Piestun1, C Martijn de Sterke

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. piestun@colorado.edu

Optics Letters
|March 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The number of communication channels in 2D passive components is limited by geometry, not material properties. This finding impacts photonic crystals, metamaterials, and cloaking devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Wave Phenomena
  • Materials Science and Engineering

Background:

  • Electromagnetic communication relies on passive components for signal manipulation.
  • Understanding channel capacity limits in these components is crucial for device design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a fundamental upper limit on the number of electromagnetic communication channels in 2D linear passive components.
  • To investigate how this limit is influenced by geometrical dimensions versus material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of wave scattering in 2D linear passive components.
  • Comparison of limits for weakly/strongly scattering waves and low permittivity contrast scenarios.
  • Derivation of scaling relations for specific applications like superprisms.

Main Results:

  • An upper limit exists for communication channels, dependent solely on geometrical dimensions.
  • This limit is independent of permittivity function, external shape, or internal design.
  • A tighter limit is identified for low permittivity contrast, considering only multiple scattering waves.

Conclusions:

  • The geometrical dimensions are the sole determinant of the maximum number of channels in 2D passive components.
  • Insights derived are applicable to advanced optical and electromagnetic devices like photonic crystals, metamaterials, and cloaking technologies.
  • A rigorous scaling relation for demultiplexing channels in superprisms is established.