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Related Concept Videos

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

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Published on: August 30, 2018

[Multidrug intoxication].

E Valero1, A Bousquet, M Almon

  • 1Laboratoire de biochimie, pharmacologie et toxicologie cliniques, Hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, Clamart.

Annales De Biologie Clinique
|March 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A woman overdosed on multiple medications, including an anticoagulant, after a suicide attempt. Prompt medical care and advanced toxicological analyses were crucial for her survival and identifying the specific drugs involved.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • A 43-year-old woman with a history of phlebitis and anxious-depressive disorders attempted suicide.
  • She was being treated with multiple medications including Previscan (acenocoumarol), Effexor (venlafaxine), Rivotril (clonazepam), and Stilnox (zolpidem).

Observation:

  • Upon arrival at the emergency unit, the patient required cardiovascular resuscitation and gastric lavage.
  • Hemostasis analysis revealed an anticoagulant overdose, necessitating treatment with vitamin K1 and prothrombin complex (PPSB).

Findings:

  • Multidrug poisoning was confirmed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of blood, urine, and gastric fluid.
  • Biological analyses guided immediate symptomatic treatment and assessed drug efficacy.
  • Toxicological analyses were essential for definitive identification of the implicated drugs.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the complementary roles of biological and toxicological analyses in managing complex poisoning cases.
  • Biological tests are vital for emergency care and monitoring drug effects.
  • Toxicological analyses, though time-consuming, are indispensable for accurate drug identification in overdose situations.