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Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Frameworks for programming biological function through RNA parts and devices.

Maung Nyan Win¹, Joe C Liang, Christina D Smolke

¹Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Chemistry & Biology

|March 26, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic biology aims to engineer biological systems. RNA programming advances this goal by designing functional RNA molecules for cellular circuits, enabling complex biological functions.

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Area of Science:

Synthetic Biology
RNA Biology
Nucleic Acid Engineering

Background:

Synthetic biology seeks to engineer reliable biological systems for human-defined functions.
Current limitations in accessing, transmitting, and controlling molecular information hinder biological system design.
Advances in RNA biology and nucleic acid engineering are crucial for progress.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of RNA programming in living systems.
To highlight the design of functional RNA molecules with novel properties.
To integrate RNA molecules into cellular circuits for programming higher-level biological functions.

Main Methods:

Designing functional RNA molecules with increasingly complex capabilities.
Integrating engineered RNA molecules into cellular circuits.
Leveraging interdisciplinary growth in synthetic biology and RNA research.

Main Results:

Development of functional RNA molecules with enhanced properties.
Successful integration of RNA molecules into cellular circuits.
Demonstration of programming higher-level biological functions using RNA.

Conclusions:

RNA programming in living systems is a rapidly advancing field.
The integration of RNA design and synthetic biology offers transformative potential.
This approach promises to revolutionize how we program and interact with biological systems.