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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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Cognitive reserve protects against cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

James F Sumowski1, Nancy Chiaravalloti, John DeLuca

  • 1Kessler Foundation Research Center, Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, West Orange, NJ 07052, USA. jsumowski@kesslerfoundation.net

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|March 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher cognitive reserve may protect individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) from cognitive deficits. This study found that greater cognitive reserve mitigated the negative impact of MS on complex information processing and memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive reserve theory explains how the brain compensates for neurological disease.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with cognitive impairments, including information processing and memory deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if higher cognitive reserve moderates the relationship between MS and cognitive functioning.
  • To explore the protective effects of cognitive reserve in individuals with MS.

Main Methods:

  • A word-reading proxy estimated premorbid intelligence to assess cognitive reserve.
  • Participants included 58 individuals with MS and 43 healthy controls.
  • Cognitive functioning was assessed using measures of simple and complex information processing efficiency, and verbal learning and memory.

Main Results:

  • Significant interactions between group (MS vs. controls) and cognitive reserve were found for complex information processing and verbal learning/memory.
  • Individuals with MS showed cognitive deficits compared to controls only at lower levels of cognitive reserve.
  • No significant interaction was observed for simple processing efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Higher cognitive reserve appears to offer a protective effect against cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis.
  • Cognitive reserve may play a crucial role in the neuropsychological expression of MS-related cognitive deficits.