[Diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma]

DIAGNOSTICAL PROBLEMS OF LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA: Carcinoma of the larynx is still a prognostic serious disease associated with high mortality. Survival rates for these tumors vary and depend on the presence of early symptoms, anatomic accessibility and lymphatic supply. Despite advances in therapy and novel surgical and non-surgical approaches, early diagnosis remains the best predictor of survival.

This article reviews the diagnosis for laryngeal carcinoma in an effort to heighten the clinical and endoscopic recognition of these lesions, providing also global overview of clinical conventional and recent endoscopic diagnostic tools for squamous cell type of carcinoma of the larynx. Screening of asymptomatic individuals would detect tumors at an early enough stage to patients' benefit.

The progress in the elucidation of the molecular genetic changes in these tumors should soon bring novel diagnostic procedures into the clinical practise. The review higlights the important advances of endoscopic, radilogical and molecular methods in detection of the tumor which may help clinicians to diagnose tumors as early as possible. TNM staging, biopsy and histopathological grading remain the gold standard for diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma. A great number of novel endoscopical methods are only supplementary tools to microlaryngoscopy. Some of the most significant biological markers might be integrated with the evaluation of behavioural factors, clinical and histopathological examinations for a new clinicomolecular approach to laryngeal cancer.