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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
Published on: June 9, 2023
Oxygen incorporation into strontium titanate single crystals from CO(2) dissociation
Chr Argirusis1, F Voigts, P Datta
1National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, Zografou 157 80, Athens, Greece. christos.argirusis@tu-clausthal.de
Abstract:
Oxygen incorporation from CO(2) into Fe-doped SrTiO(3)(100) single crystals (0.013 at% Fe, 0.039 at% Fe and 0.13 at% Fe) was investigated. Oxygen incorporation processes using (13)C(18)O(2) as the gas source were studied by isotope exchange depth profiling (IEDP) and subsequent secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The interaction of CO(2) with SrTiO(3) (100) surfaces was further studied with different surface analytical techniques like metastable induced electron spectroscopy (MIES), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicate that CO(2) interaction with SrTiO(3) (100) surfaces does not change the surface at all. It seems that CO(2) provides a very low sticking probability on the surface as it is not traced by valence band spectroscopy even at room temperature. Nonetheless, (13)C(18)O(2) acts as an incorporation source of (18)O into the Fe-doped SrTiO(3) single crystals. The diffusion coefficient exhibits a peculiar behaviour when Fe concentration increases. No carbon incorporation is observed at all.
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

