Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady state,...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stagger-folding leaflet design for improved durability in transcatheter heart valves.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2026
Same author

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus for the treatment of MAFLD: A comparative study of individual and combined effects.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·2026
Same author

Tucatinib plus trastuzumab for chemotherapy-refractory, HER2 + , RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (MOUNTAINEER): final analysis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

A feasibility study of leaflets configuration adaptive to annular growth in pediatric aortic valve reconstruction.

Journal of biomechanics·2025
Same author

High-Precision Interferometric Measurements of Gas Refractive Index Using Homodyne Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A multi-objective optimization of degradable polymer vascular stents.

Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering·2025
Same journal

Latent Class Log-Linear Models for Estimating Diagnostic Test Accuracy Without a Gold Standard: A Simulation Study.

Statistics in medicine·2026
Same journal

Interpretable Bayesian Modeling for Multireader Multicase Studies: Addressing Overdispersion and Limited Sample Size in Diagnostic Enhancement Evaluation.

Statistics in medicine·2026
Same journal

Adaptive Sequential Multiple Hypotheses Testing for Concomitant Vaccine Safety Surveillance.

Statistics in medicine·2026
Same journal

Novel Distance Regression for Repeated Outcomes With Missing Data: Applications to Longitudinal and Crossover Studies of Microbiome Beta-Diversity.

Statistics in medicine·2026
Same journal

Optimal Weighted Tests for Replication Studies and the 'Two-Trials Rule' With Multiple Hypotheses.

Statistics in medicine·2026
Same journal

Identifiable Copula-Double-Cox Models: A Fully Parametric Framework for Dependent Right-Censored Survival Data.

Statistics in medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Videos

Sample size for two-stage studies with maintenance therapy.

Wentao Feng1, Abdus S Wahed

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

Statistics in Medicine
|April 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new sample size formula for adaptive treatment strategies (ATS), essential for chronic disease trials. The formula ensures accurate statistical power when comparing survival probabilities between different treatment sequences.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Clinical Trials
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adaptive treatment strategies (ATS) are crucial for managing chronic diseases like cancer and depression.
  • Clinical trials often use sequential designs to compare ATS, but lack methods for sample size determination.
  • Statistical power and sample size calculations are vital for the validity of ATS comparative trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sample size formula for comparing survival probabilities under two ATS.
  • To address the gap in statistical power and sample size methodologies for ATS clinical trials.
  • To provide a tool for designing efficient trials comparing ATS with shared initial treatments.

Main Methods:

  • The study derives a sample size formula based on the large sample properties of the inverse-probability-weighted estimator.
  • The proposed method is specifically designed for comparing two ATS with identical initial treatments but differing maintenance phases.
  • Statistical simulations were employed to validate the formula's performance.

Main Results:

  • A novel sample size formula for comparing ATS survival probabilities is presented.
  • Simulation studies confirm the formula's ability to achieve desired statistical power.
  • The formula's effectiveness is independent of the underlying survival time distributions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sample size formula is a valuable tool for researchers designing clinical trials for chronic diseases.
  • Accurate sample size determination enhances the reliability and efficiency of ATS comparative studies.
  • This work contributes to the statistical methodology for analyzing complex treatment strategies in longitudinal studies.