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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Adrenal incidentaloma.

Fenny Elvina Ridho1, Fabiola M S Adam, John M F Adam

  • 1Diabetes and Lipid Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makasar, Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Acta Medica Indonesiana
|April 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal tumors found incidentally. Diagnosis requires evaluating hormonal activity and malignancy, with management tailored to tumor type and size.

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Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands
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Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands
08:37

Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands

Published on: October 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal tumors discovered incidentally during imaging for unrelated conditions.
  • They may be asymptomatic, necessitating careful evaluation.
  • Classification includes non-hypersecreting adenomas, hypersecreting tumors, primary adrenal carcinoma, and metastases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and management strategies for adrenal incidentalomas.
  • To emphasize the importance of assessing hormonal activity and malignancy.
  • To guide clinical decision-making for these incidentally discovered adrenal lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive hormonal evaluation to detect subclinical hormone hypersecretion (e.g., Cushing's, pheochromocytoma, aldosteronoma).
  • Radiologic assessment, including imaging characteristics and potentially fine needle biopsy, to determine malignancy.
  • Classification based on hormonal status and tumor characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The majority of adrenal incidentalomas are non-hypersecreting adenomas, but hypersecreting tumors must be ruled out.
  • Hormonal evaluation is crucial for identifying conditions like subclinical Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, and aldosteronoma.
  • Malignancy assessment is vital, guiding treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Adrenal incidentaloma management requires a dual approach: assessing hormonal activity and determining malignancy.
  • Surgical intervention is indicated for hormonally active tumors or inactive tumors exceeding 4 cm.
  • Non-operative management involves regular monitoring of hormone levels and tumor size for selected cases.