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Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...

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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
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Published on: August 17, 2017

The ion funnel: theory, implementations, and applications.

Ryan T Kelly1, Aleksey V Tolmachev, Jason S Page

  • 1Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|April 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The electrodynamic ion funnel efficiently manipulates ions at higher pressures, improving mass spectrometer performance. This technology enhances ion transmission, trapping, cooling, and mobility spectrometry applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional mass spectrometry approaches face challenges in manipulating ions at pressures between 0.1-30 Torr.
  • Electrodynamic ion funnels offer a solution for ion manipulation in this difficult pressure regime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in the understanding and implementation of electrodynamic ion funnels.
  • To highlight the impact of ion funnels on mass spectrometry and related applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental principles of ion motion within ion funnels.
  • Analysis of the evolution of ion funnel designs and implementations.
  • Compilation of applications utilizing ion funnel technology.

Main Results:

  • Electrodynamic ion funnels significantly enhance ion transmission efficiency in mass spectrometers.
  • Ion funnels enable effective ion manipulation, including trapping and cooling.
  • The technology supports applications like low-pressure electrospray ionization and ion mobility spectrometry.

Conclusions:

  • The electrodynamic ion funnel is a refined technology crucial for modern mass spectrometry.
  • Its versatility extends to various ion manipulation techniques and analytical applications.
  • Continued development promises further improvements in ion analysis and separation.