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Related Concept Videos

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

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Magnetic Damping01:17

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Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators
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Combining pattern instability and shape-memory hysteresis for phononic switching.

Ji-Hyun Jang1, Cheong Yang Koh, Katia Bertoldi

  • 1Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Nano Letters
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals a reversible shape-memory effect in nanoscale structures. The material transforms shape due to solvent swelling and recovers it via vapor, demonstrating robust plasticity and elastic recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physics

Background:

  • Nanoscale periodic structures offer unique mechanical properties.
  • Shape-memory effects are typically observed in bulk materials.
  • Controlling nanoscale transformations is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel shape-memory effect in a 2D nanoscale periodic structure.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of elastic instability, plasticity, and elastic recovery.
  • To analyze the impact of structural transformation on phononic band structure.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 2D nanoscale periodic structure (cross-linked epoxy/air cylinders).
  • Induction of shape change using solvent swelling.
  • Triggering shape recovery using vapor.
  • Analysis of structural symmetry changes (p6mm to p2gg).
  • Investigation of phononic band structure modifications.
  • Numerical simulations for validation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a fully reversible and robust shape-memory effect.
  • Observed reversible transformation from circular to oval void shapes driven by elastic instability.
  • Reported a change in pattern symmetry from p6mm to p2gg.
  • Identified a novel phononic band gap opening due to band anticrossing.
  • Validated experimental findings with numerical simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully demonstrates a nanoscale shape-memory effect governed by elastic instability and T(g) modulation.
  • The observed structural and phononic changes are distinct from typical Bragg scattering phenomena.
  • The findings pave the way for designing responsive nanomaterials with tunable phononic properties.