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Related Concept Videos

Empathy02:34

Empathy

Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.

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Related Experiment Video

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An Objective and Child-friendly Assessment of Arm Function by Using a 3-D Sensor
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Published on: February 12, 2018

Empathizing, systemizing and finger length ratio in a Swedish sample.

Agneta Von Horn1, Lisa Bäckman, Thomas Davidsson

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
|April 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender differences in empathy (EQ) and systemizing (SQ) are robust, with females scoring higher on EQ and males on SQ. These differences persist across cultures and correlate with prenatal testosterone exposure in males.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • The Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ) measure cognitive styles.
  • Previous research indicates gender differences in EQ and SQ.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in EQ and SQ in a Swedish university sample.
  • To explore the relationship between these quotients and prenatal testosterone exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Administered EQ and SQ inventories to university undergraduates.
  • Used Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis for composite scores.
  • Measured the 2D:4D finger length ratio as a proxy for prenatal testosterone exposure.

Main Results:

  • Females scored higher on EQ, males on SQ.
  • Gender explained 12-14% of the variation in EQ and SQ.
  • A high 2D:4D ratio (female-typical) predicted higher EQ and lower SQ in males, but not in females.

Conclusions:

  • Confirms robust gender differences in empathy and systemizing abilities.
  • These differences are evident even in gender-equal societies.
  • Prenatal testosterone exposure may influence these cognitive styles in males.