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Related Concept Videos

Homeostatic Imbalance01:10

Homeostatic Imbalance

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The body has various control mechanisms that work together to regulate various physiological parameters such as temperature, blood pressure, pH balance, and fluid balance, to name a few. These control mechanisms are based on feedback loops that can be either positive or negative.
However, sometimes these feedback loops fail,...
What is Homeostasis?01:16

What is Homeostasis?

Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F). Physiological...
Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
pH Homeostasis01:31

pH Homeostasis

Acid-base homeostasis is essential for maintaining normal physiological activities in humans. The pH of various body fluids is strictly regulated because it is critical for the optimal activity of enzymes involved in metabolic reactions. Enzymes are basically proteins, so, any significant change in pH can affect their structure and activity. In humans, pH is regulated using three primary mechanisms— chemical buffer systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation.
Respiratory Regulation of...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders
06:52

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders

Published on: April 28, 2023

Copper homeostasis.

Jason L Burkhead1, Kathryn A Gogolin Reynolds1, Salah E Abdel-Ghany1

  • 1Biology Deparment, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.

The New Phytologist
|May 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants utilize a master switch, the transcription factor SPL7, to manage copper (Cu) levels. This system upregulates copper uptake and uses microRNAs to downregulate non-essential copper proteins, ensuring survival under low copper conditions.

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A Caenorhabditis elegans Nutritional-status Based Copper Aversion Assay
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A Caenorhabditis elegans Nutritional-status Based Copper Aversion Assay

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders
06:52

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders

Published on: April 28, 2023

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

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A Caenorhabditis elegans Nutritional-status Based Copper Aversion Assay
06:45

A Caenorhabditis elegans Nutritional-status Based Copper Aversion Assay

Published on: July 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutrient Metabolism

Background:

  • Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient and cofactor for plant proteins involved in electron transfer.
  • Plant copper homeostasis involves conserved transporters and metallochaperones.
  • Low copper bioavailability can limit plant productivity, while excess copper is toxic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms plants employ to respond to copper deficiency.
  • To elucidate the role of transcription factor SPL7 and microRNAs in copper homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression related to copper uptake and utilization.
  • Identification and characterization of copper-regulated small RNAs (Cu-microRNAs).
  • Investigating the function of transcription factor SPL7 in copper-responsive pathways.

Main Results:

  • Plants activate systems for increased copper uptake and economical utilization when copper supply is insufficient.
  • Copper-responsive transcription factor SPL7 acts as a master switch, upregulating copper assimilation genes.
  • Copper-microRNAs are upregulated by SPL7 to downregulate non-essential copper proteins, conserving copper.

Conclusions:

  • The SPL7-mediated regulatory network allows plants to maintain essential protein function across a wide range of copper concentrations.
  • This intricate regulation broadens the environmental conditions under which plants can thrive, enhancing copper use efficiency.