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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Published on: July 9, 2020

Bumble bees (Bombus spp) along a gradient of increasing urbanization.

Karin Ahrné1, Jan Bengtsson, Thomas Elmqvist

  • 1Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

Plos One
|May 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urban green spaces like allotment gardens support bumble bees, but diversity declines with increasing urbanization. Local habitat management is key, yet urban landscapes impact bumble bee abundance and pollination reliability.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Urban Ecology
  • Pollination Biology

Background:

  • Wild bees, including bumble bees, are crucial pollinators facing declines due to habitat loss from urbanization and agricultural intensification.
  • Urbanization transforms landscapes, reducing green spaces, but urban green areas can offer alternative habitats for wild bees.
  • Allotment gardens represent intensively managed, flower-rich urban green spaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bumble bee diversity and abundance in allotment gardens along an urbanization gradient.
  • To differentiate the effects of landscape change from habitat quality on bumble bee communities.
  • To assess the role of urban green spaces as alternative habitats for bumble bees.

Main Methods:

  • Studied bumble bees in allotment gardens across an urbanization gradient in Stockholm, from city center to periurban areas.
  • Maintained similar habitat quality across sites to isolate landscape effects (e.g., impervious surface).
  • Analyzed bumble bee diversity, abundance, and species composition in relation to urbanization and local management factors.

Main Results:

  • Bumble bee diversity decreased with increasing urbanization, with fewer species in urban allotment gardens compared to rural sites.
  • Local factors, particularly flower abundance within allotment gardens, significantly influenced bumble bee abundance and species composition.
  • Variability in bumble bee visits was higher in urban areas, especially for small and long-tongued species.

Conclusions:

  • Urban green areas, such as allotment gardens, can serve as vital alternative habitats for bumble bees.
  • The surrounding urban landscape composition significantly affects the number of bumble bee species present in these green areas.
  • Increased variability in bumble bee abundance in urban settings may suggest reduced pollination service reliability in human-dominated landscapes.