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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians
04:03

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians

Published on: September 27, 2024

Copd.

Huib Am Kerstjens1, Dirkje S Postma, Nick Ten Hacken

  • 1University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates drug and non-drug treatments for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It found evidence for various interventions, including pulmonary rehabilitation and smoking cessation, to manage COPD effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Health
  • Clinical Evidence Synthesis

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by irreversible airflow limitation, often progressive.
  • It involves lung inflammation due to noxious stimuli, commonly linked to smoking.
  • COPD can manifest as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or a combination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of maintenance drug treatments in stable COPD.
  • To assess the impact of non-drug interventions for individuals with stable COPD.
  • To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of various COPD management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of literature up to February 2007.
  • Searched major databases including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

  • Identified 83 systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria.
  • Performed a GRADE evaluation to assess the quality of evidence for interventions.
  • Compiled data on a wide range of therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • The review presents information on the effectiveness and safety of numerous COPD interventions.
  • Key interventions include pulmonary rehabilitation, smoking cessation programs, and inhaled medications.
  • Alpha(1) antitrypsin, antibiotics, anticholinergics, beta(2) agonists, corticosteroids, mucolytics, and oxygen therapy were also evaluated.