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Related Concept Videos

Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

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The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
05:36

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

Published on: October 4, 2024

Menorrhagia.

Kirsten Duckitt1, Sally Collins

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates medical and surgical treatments for heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia). It found various interventions effective for managing menorrhagia, offering options beyond hysterectomy.

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Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis
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Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Published on: September 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
05:36

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

Published on: October 4, 2024

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis
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Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Published on: September 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Menorrhagia significantly impacts women's quality of life and can cause anemia.
  • Causes include prostaglandin disorders, fibroids, adenomyosis, and intrauterine devices (IUDs).
  • Many women undergoing hysterectomy for menorrhagia have a normal uterus, indicating a need for alternative treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of medical and surgical treatments for menorrhagia.
  • To answer key clinical questions regarding menorrhagia interventions.
  • To evaluate endometrial thinning protocols prior to endometrial destruction for menorrhagia.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of medical literature up to October 2007.
  • Searched databases including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

  • Identified 39 systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria.
  • Performed a GRADE evaluation to assess the quality of evidence for interventions.
  • Compiled data on the effectiveness and safety of various treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Presents information on medical interventions: combined pill, danazol, etamsylate, gonadorelin analogues, intrauterine progesterone, NSAIDs, and progestogens.
  • Details surgical interventions: dilatation and curettage, endometrial destruction, and hysterectomy.
  • Provides a comprehensive overview of treatment options for menorrhagia.