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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
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Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
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Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...
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Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain
12:31

A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain

Published on: November 14, 2012

Visceral brain-body information transfer.

Oliver G Cameron1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, c/o 1215 Southwood Court, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103-9735, USA. ocameron@umich.edu

Neuroimage
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores brain-body communication, detailing neural and chemical pathways linking the central nervous system to the visceral environment. It highlights the critical role of bidirectional signaling in maintaining homeostasis and mediating psychosomatic processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Psychosomatic Medicine

Background:

  • Organisms interact with external environments via sensory and motor mechanisms.
  • The internal visceral environment is crucial for organismal function.
  • Understanding brain-visceral interactions is key to comprehending overall health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of brain-visceral interaction.
  • To identify key brain structures and pathways involved in these interactions.
  • To explore unifying principles like homeostasis and stress in brain-body communication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) pathways.
  • Description of neural (autonomic nervous system) and chemical (endocrine, immune) signaling.
  • Identification of central nervous system structures (e.g., hypothalamus) and peripheral interfaces (e.g., circumventricular organs).

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of bidirectional communication pathways between the brain and visceral organs.
  • Identification of the hypothalamus as a key brain region.
  • Emphasis on the roles of the autonomic nervous system, endocrine, and immune systems.

Conclusions:

  • Bidirectional communication between the brain and visceral systems is fundamental.
  • Homeostasis, allostasis, and stress are unifying principles governing these interactions.
  • These pathways are critical for psychosomatic processes and overall health.