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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
Binge Eating Disorders01:23

Binge Eating Disorders

Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

Obsessive compulsive disorder.

G Mustafa Soomro1

  • 1Section of Community Psychiatry, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It found that serotonin reuptake inhibitors, behavioral therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy are effective initial treatments for OCD.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1-2% of adults, with varied symptom courses.
  • Approximately half of individuals with OCD experience episodic symptoms, while the other half have continuous challenges.
  • Up to 50% of individuals with OCD may see symptom improvement over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness of initial and maintenance treatments for adult obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • To evaluate treatments for adults with OCD who have not responded to initial serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) therapy.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of various interventions for OCD.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 55 studies, including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • Searches conducted across major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to July 2006.
  • Inclusion of harms alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

  • The review synthesized evidence on interventions including SRI monotherapy, augmentation with antipsychotics, behavioral therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
  • Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was also considered.
  • GRADE evaluation was used to assess the quality of evidence for each intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Information on the effectiveness and safety of various OCD interventions is presented.
  • Key interventions reviewed include serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), behavioral therapy, CBT, and antipsychotic augmentation.
  • The review addresses optimal duration of maintenance treatment for OCD.