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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
02:37

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

Published on: December 15, 2023

Otitis media with effusion in children.

Ian Williamson1

  • 1The University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Otitis media with effusion (OME) affects many young children, often resolving spontaneously. This review evaluates interventions for preventing and treating OME, examining evidence for various treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Otolaryngology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common in children under 4, with most cases resolving within a year.
  • Non-purulent middle-ear infections can follow upper respiratory infections or acute otitis media.
  • Potential complications include tympanic membrane perforation, tympanosclerosis, otorrhoea, and cholesteatoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review interventions for preventing otitis media with effusion (OME).
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological, mechanical, and surgical treatments for OME.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 22 studies including systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
  • Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to March 2006.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
02:37

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

Published on: December 15, 2023

  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA).

    • Main Results:

    • Evaluated the quality of evidence for interventions using the GRADE system.
    • Assessed the effectiveness and safety of numerous interventions for OME.

    Conclusions:

    • Presents findings on interventions such as adenoidectomy, antibiotics, autoinflation, and ventilation tubes.
    • Provides information on the effectiveness and safety of various OME treatments.