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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
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Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
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The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Age and synchrony effects in visuospatial working memory.

Gillian Rowe1, Lynn Hasher, Josée Turcotte

  • 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada. gillian@psych.toronto.edu

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|May 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults perform better on visuospatial working memory tasks with reduced interference and at peak times. Optimizing testing conditions can minimize age-related differences in cognitive performance.

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Published on: January 19, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) is crucial for daily functioning.
  • Age-related differences in VSWM performance are well-documented.
  • Factors influencing VSWM, such as time of day and interference, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of time of day and interference levels on VSWM performance in younger and older adults.
  • To determine if optimizing testing conditions can reduce age-related differences in VSWM span.

Main Methods:

  • A computerized Corsi Block visuospatial working memory span task was administered.
  • Participants included younger and older adults.
  • Testing occurred at peak or off-peak times and in high-interference (ascending) or low-interference (descending) formats.

Main Results:

  • Younger adults performed best in the high-interference (ascending) format.
  • Older adults performed best in the low-interference (descending) format.
  • Peak-time testing significantly benefited older adults, but only in the low-interference format.

Conclusions:

  • Time of day and interference critically influence age differences in VSWM span.
  • Reducing interference and testing at peak times may optimize older adults' performance.
  • These adjustments can help minimize age-related cognitive differences.