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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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Phase-locked carrier-envelope-offset frequency at 1560 nm.

Holger Hundertmark, Dieter Wandt, Carsten Fallnich

    Optics Express
    |May 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers measured an Erbium-fiber oscillator's carrier-envelope-offset frequency. Using a novel photonic crystal fiber, they achieved a two-octave supercontinuum, enabling precise frequency comb stabilization.

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    Published on: June 8, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • * Optics and Photonics
    • * Quantum Electronics
    • * Laser Physics

    Background:

    • * Erbium-fiber oscillators are crucial for generating optical frequency combs.
    • * Precise measurement of the carrier-envelope offset frequency is essential for comb applications.
    • * Supercontinuum generation is key for spanning broad optical bandwidths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To measure the carrier-envelope offset frequency of an Erbium-fiber oscillator.
    • * To generate a broadband supercontinuum for improved frequency comb stabilization.
    • * To achieve high fractional frequency instability in the optical frequency comb.

    Main Methods:

    • * Employed an extruded SF6 photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation (400 nm to >1750 nm).
    • * Utilized a modified f-2f-interferometer to beat the frequency-doubled oscillator signal with the supercontinuum.
    • * Implemented an electronic feedback loop to control pump power and phase-lock the carrier-envelope offset frequency.

    Main Results:

    • * Generated a supercontinuum spanning more than two optical octaves.
    • * Successfully phase-locked the carrier-envelope offset frequency to an external reference.
    • * Demonstrated fractional frequency instabilities of the order of 10⁻¹⁶ for averaging times >10 s.

    Conclusions:

    • * The use of extruded SF6 photonic crystal fiber enables robust supercontinuum generation.
    • * The f-2f-interferometer method effectively measures and stabilizes the carrier-envelope offset frequency.
    • * The stabilized Erbium-fiber oscillator exhibits high-precision frequency comb performance.