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Related Concept Videos

The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
13:35

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Nipple-sparing mastectomy.

Scott L Spear1, Catherine M Hannan, Shawna C Willey

  • 1Washington, D.C. From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, and the Departments of Plastic Surgery and Surgery, Georgetown University.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nipple-sparing mastectomy is increasingly accepted for breast cancer treatment in carefully selected patients. This approach offers less invasive surgery and better cosmetic results without raising oncologic risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Breast Surgery

Background:

  • Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) acceptance is growing, particularly for prophylactic procedures.
  • Its application in therapeutic settings for breast cancer treatment is under renewed examination.

Observation:

  • Therapeutic NSM is feasible for select breast cancers meeting specific oncologic criteria (e.g., tumor size ≤3 cm, distance from nipple ≥2 cm, non-multicentric, clinically negative nodes).
  • Advanced imaging (MRI) and biopsy techniques enhance the safety of NSM in breast cancer patients.
  • Patient selection and technical aspects are crucial for successful therapeutic NSM.

Findings:

  • Data indicate a low risk of local recurrence in properly screened patients undergoing NSM.
  • Nipple recurrences are infrequent and manageable through nipple excision.
  • NSM can achieve improved cosmetic outcomes with no increased oncologic risk in appropriate candidates.

Implications:

  • NSM represents a less invasive surgical option for select breast cancer patients.
  • The procedure holds potential for improved patient satisfaction and quality of life.
  • Further long-term data are needed, but NSM is gaining acceptance in oncologic surgery.