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Related Concept Videos

Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines01:21

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...
Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the copper windings...
Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines

The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx and a shunt capacitance CΔx.

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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

Waveguide loss optimization in hollow-core ARROW waveguides.

Dongliang Yin, John Barber, Aaron Hawkins

    Optics Express
    |June 9, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We optimized hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs), reducing optical loss to 2.6/cm. An initial substrate etching step significantly improved performance for optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) are crucial for low-loss light transmission.
    • Optimization of ARROWs is essential for advancing integrated optics and photonics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To optimize the optical properties of hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs).
    • To investigate the impact of substrate etching and confinement layer thickness on waveguide loss.
    • To present an optimized ARROW design and discuss its application potential.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of an initial substrate etching step prior to ARROW fabrication.
    • Quantification of the effect of confinement layer thickness variations.
    • Measurement of polarization dependence of waveguide loss.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a significant reduction in waveguide loss to 2.6/cm.
    • Demonstrated a mode area of 10.4 microm(2) with the optimized design.
    • Quantified the impact of confinement layer thickness and measured polarization-dependent loss.

    Conclusions:

    • Substrate etching is an effective method for reducing optical loss in ARROWs.
    • Optimized ARROW designs offer improved performance for various optical applications.
    • Understanding polarization dependence is key for practical implementation of these waveguides.