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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Active Probe Atomic Force Microscopy with Quattro-Parallel Cantilever Arrays for High-Throughput Large-Scale Sample Inspection
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Ultrahigh-resolution full-field optical coherence microscopy using InGaAs camera.

W Y Oh, B E Bouma, N Iftimia

    Optics Express
    |June 9, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Full-field optical coherence microscopy (FFOCM) using longer wavelengths (0.9-1.4 µm) improves deep tissue imaging penetration. This advancement enhances visualization in scattering biological samples compared to traditional methods.

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    High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip

    Published on: November 16, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Microscopy Techniques

    Background:

    • Full-field optical coherence microscopy (FFOCM) is vital for deep imaging in scattering biological tissues.
    • Current FFOCM implementations at 0.8 µm with silicon cameras show limited penetration in human tissues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate FFOCM at longer wavelengths (0.9-1.4 µm) for enhanced optical penetration in biological tissues.
    • To evaluate the performance of a new FFOCM system using an InGaAs camera.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an FFOCM system utilizing a broadband spatially incoherent light source and a Linnik interferometer.
    • Employed an InGaAs area scan camera for imaging in the 0.9-1.4 µm wavelength range.
    • Compared imaging results with a traditional silicon camera FFOCM system.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a detection sensitivity of 86 dB with a 2-second imaging time.
    • Obtained an axial resolution of 1.9 µm in water.
    • Demonstrated superior imaging penetration in phantoms, tissue samples, and Xenopus Laevis embryos at longer wavelengths.

    Conclusions:

    • FFOCM at 0.9-1.4 µm significantly enhances optical penetration into biological tissues due to reduced scattering.
    • The developed InGaAs-based FFOCM system offers improved deep-tissue imaging capabilities for biomedical applications.