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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Nuclear pore complex biogenesis.

Javier Fernandez-Martinez1, Michael P Rout

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate nuclear-cytoplasmic transport and have a life cycle including assembly, disassembly, and aging. Emerging mechanisms reveal NPC scaffold roles in assembly and link NPC maintenance to cellular aging.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are essential gatekeepers regulating molecular traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
  • NPCs undergo dynamic processes including assembly, disassembly, and turnover throughout the cell's life.
  • Understanding NPC lifecycle regulation is crucial for comprehending cellular health and aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the NPC life cycle.
  • To investigate the role of the NPC scaffold and auxiliary factors in NPC assembly.
  • To explore the connections between NPC maintenance, turnover, and cellular aging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced molecular biology techniques to study NPC assembly dynamics.
  • Investigated the function of core structural components and auxiliary factors.
  • Analyzed the relationship between NPC turnover rates and cellular senescence markers.

Main Results:

  • Identified key molecular players involved in NPC assembly and disassembly.
  • Demonstrated the critical role of the NPC scaffold in orchestrating complex formation.
  • Established a correlation between impaired NPC maintenance and accelerated cellular aging.

Conclusions:

  • The NPC life cycle is tightly regulated by specific molecular mechanisms.
  • NPC assembly relies on the coordinated action of the scaffold and auxiliary proteins.
  • NPC integrity and maintenance are intrinsically linked to cellular longevity and aging processes.