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Related Concept Videos

Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...

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Related Experiment Videos

Doripenem.

David L Paterson1, Daryl D Depestel

  • 1The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. david.antibiotics@gmail.com

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|June 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Doripenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic, shows broad-spectrum activity against many bacteria, including resistant strains. It is approved for intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections, with a low risk of seizures.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Carbapenems are crucial antibiotics for treating severe bacterial infections.
  • Doripenem is a recently developed carbapenem with a distinct antimicrobial profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the antimicrobial spectrum, clinical applications, and safety profile of doripenem.
  • To identify areas requiring further research regarding doripenem's use.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro susceptibility testing against various bacterial pathogens.
  • Review of clinical trial data for efficacy and safety.
  • Pharmacodynamic considerations, including infusion strategies.

Main Results:

  • Doripenem exhibits potent in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, and Bacteroides fragilis.
  • It demonstrates activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains but not against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
  • Resistant P. aeruginosa mutants are less readily selected with doripenem compared to other carbapenems. Doripenem has a low propensity to cause seizures.

Conclusions:

  • Doripenem is effective for complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections.
  • Further studies are needed to establish optimal dosing for specific populations (neonatal, pediatric, cystic fibrosis) and renal replacement therapies.
  • The long-term utility of doripenem depends on controlling the spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms.