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Related Concept Videos

Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

The Unfolded Protein Response

The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
14:08

Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research

Published on: September 9, 2017

How do ESCRT proteins control autophagy?

Tor Erik Rusten1, Harald Stenmark

  • 1Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Cell Science
|June 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy is crucial for cellular health and immunity. This study explores the role of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins in autophagy, proposing their involvement in autophagosome-endolysosome fusion.

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Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
06:58

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Published on: October 18, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for degrading cytoplasmic components via lysosomes.
  • Its roles in tissue remodeling, innate immunity, and protection against diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration are increasingly recognized.
  • While core autophagy machinery is known, its precise regulation and interactions with other pathways remain areas of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the enigmatic involvement of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins in the autophagy pathway.
  • To explore potential mechanisms explaining autophagosome accumulation observed in ESCRT-depleted cells.
  • To propose a model for ESCRT function in autophagosome-endolysosomal trafficking.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and theoretical modeling.
  • Discussion of existing experimental observations regarding ESCRT proteins and autophagy.
  • Analysis of four proposed models for ESCRT involvement in autophagy.

Main Results:

  • Autophagosomes accumulate when ESCRT proteins are depleted, suggesting a critical role for ESCRT in autophagosome maturation or clearance.
  • Four distinct models are presented to explain this phenomenon.
  • The proposed models highlight potential interactions between the ESCRT machinery and the autophagic pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The study favors a model where ESCRT proteins are essential for the fusion of autophagosomes with the endolysosomal system.
  • This interaction is proposed as a key step in the autophagic degradation process.
  • Further research is needed to experimentally validate the proposed models and elucidate the precise function of ESCRT in autophagy.