Essential fatty acids and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Neuroscience
• Pediatric Psychiatry

Background:

• Essential fatty acids (EFAs), encompassing omega-3 and omega-6, are implicated in brain function.
• Previous research suggests potential benefits of EFAs for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the current evidence on the role and efficacy of EFAs in managing ADHD.
• To provide an updated overview of EFA theory and application in ADHD treatment.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of clinical studies and review papers.
• Research conducted using the Medline PubMed database, focusing on EFA blood levels and supplementation trials in children with ADHD.
• Inclusion of studies identified through reference lists of primary reports.

Main Results:

• Children diagnosed with ADHD exhibit lower blood levels of EFAs.
• Open-label EFA supplementation trials indicate an increase in EFA blood levels and improvement in ADHD symptoms.
• Randomized controlled trials have largely failed to demonstrate significant behavioral treatment effects from EFA supplementation.

Conclusions:

• Existing research findings do not substantiate the use of EFA supplements as a primary or adjunctive therapy for ADHD in children.
• Further rigorous research may be needed to clarify the role of EFAs in ADHD management.