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Related Concept Videos

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult body.
A...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Biotribological Testing and Analysis of Articular Cartilage Sliding against Metal for Implants
09:08

Biotribological Testing and Analysis of Articular Cartilage Sliding against Metal for Implants

Published on: May 14, 2020

Degradome expression profiling in human articular cartilage.

Tracey E Swingler1, Jasmine G Waters, Rosemary K Davidson

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. t.swingler@uea.ac.uk

Arthritis Research & Therapy
|June 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Osteoarthritis (OA) involves cartilage destruction, with this study quantifying protease gene expression in normal and OA human cartilage. Researchers found 179 differentially expressed protease genes, offering new insights into OA pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

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Biotribological Testing and Analysis of Articular Cartilage Sliding against Metal for Implants
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Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants
08:06

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Published on: October 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA) is poorly understood, with research focused on metalloproteinases.
  • Other protease classes also play significant roles in cartilage extracellular matrix turnover and degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively profile the expression of a majority of protease genes across all catalytic classes in normal human cartilage and cartilage from OA patients.
  • To identify differentially expressed protease genes in OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage.

Main Methods:

  • Human cartilage samples were obtained from patients undergoing joint replacement for OA or neck of femur fracture (NOF).
  • Total RNA was purified, and gene expression was assayed using Taqman low-density array quantitative RT-PCR.
  • Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon ranking and LogitBoost-NR machine learning to identify significant gene expression differences.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive analysis profiled 538 protease genes, with 431 detected in cartilage.
  • 179 protease genes were found to be differentially expressed between OA and NOF cartilage.
  • Significant differences were observed across multiple protease classes, including aspartic, cysteine, metallo-, serine, and threonine proteases.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the most extensive quantitative analysis of protease gene expression in cartilage to date.
  • The findings direct future research toward understanding the specific roles of proteases in cartilage.
  • The data may aid in developing refined anti-proteolytic strategies for osteoarthritis treatment.