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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

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Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

Paraneoplastic movement disorders.

Robin Grant1, Francesc Graus

  • 1Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. robin.grant@luht.scot.nhs.uk

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|June 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paraneoplastic movement disorders are rare autoimmune complications of cancer, often presenting before diagnosis. Identifying specific serum antibodies aids in early cancer detection and treatment, potentially improving neurological and cancer outcomes.

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Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases
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Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases

Published on: September 29, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

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Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases
06:52

Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases

Published on: September 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic movement disorders are rare autoimmune complications of cancer.
  • These disorders often manifest before cancer diagnosis and are linked to specific serum antibodies.
  • Commonly associated cancers include lung, breast, gynecological, and testicular cancers, as well as lymphoma and thymoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical features, diagnostic clues, and management of paraneoplastic movement disorders.
  • To highlight the association between specific serum antibodies and underlying malignancies.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on paraneoplastic movement disorders and associated antibodies.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies.
  • Correlation of specific antibodies with tumor types and neurological manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Common paraneoplastic movement disorders include cerebellar syndrome, opsoclonus myoclonus, basal ganglia disorders, stiff person syndrome, and neuromyotonia.
  • Numerous serum antibodies (e.g., Hu, Yo, Ri, VGCCA) are identified and correlate with specific cancers.
  • Clinical indicators include rapid onset, severity, progression, treatment resistance, and widespread neurological signs.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer screening is crucial for patients presenting with paraneoplastic movement disorders, especially those with positive antibody tests.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to neurological improvement and better cancer prognosis.
  • Prognosis is contingent upon the specific tumor type and its response to therapy.