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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

Overview
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 9, 2009

Computational methods to study kinetics of DNA replication.

Scott Cheng-Hsin Yang1, Michel G Gauthier, John Bechhoefer

  • 1Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New DNA combing technologies provide data on DNA replication. This chapter details methods to extract replication parameters like fork velocity and origin initiation rates from this data, accounting for real-world complications.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Published on: October 9, 2009

Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • DNA replication is a fundamental biological process crucial for cell division and genomic stability.
  • Advanced techniques like DNA combing generate large datasets on DNA replication dynamics.
  • Understanding replication parameters is key to deciphering genome stability and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for extracting key DNA replication parameters from DNA combing data.
  • To present a technique applicable to ideal data and address real-world complexities.
  • To enable quantitative analysis of DNA replication in S phase.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing DNA combing data to analyze DNA replication.
  • Developing methods to calculate fork velocity, origin initiation rate, and fork density.
  • Adapting analysis to account for cellular asynchrony, fragment length, and finite DNA amounts.

Main Results:

  • Successful extraction of replication parameters from DNA combing data.
  • Demonstration of methods to handle experimental and biological variations.
  • Quantification of multiple aspects of DNA replication, including origin usage.

Conclusions:

  • The described methods provide a robust framework for analyzing DNA replication dynamics.
  • These techniques facilitate a deeper understanding of DNA replication processes and their regulation.
  • Accurate extraction of replication parameters is essential for studying genome replication and associated disorders.