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Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma-IV: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of asthma is a comprehensive approach that relies heavily on the expertise and dedication of healthcare professionals. It involves thorough assessment, accurate diagnosis, strategic planning, effective implementation, and diligent evaluation. By meticulously following this step-by-step process, healthcare professionals play a crucial role in providing the best possible care and treatment for patients with asthma, enhancing their overall health and well-being.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Development of a Nose-only Inhalation Toxicity Test Chamber That Provides Four Exposure Concentrations of Nano-sized Particles

Development of a Nose-only Inhalation Toxicity Test Chamber That Provides Four Exposure Concentrations of Nano-sized Particles

Published on: March 18, 2019

[Occupational asthma in a structure nail maker].

Timo Hannu¹, Matti Tuppurainen, Paula Kauppi

¹Tryöterveslaitos, Työlääketiede, Helsinki.

Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja

|July 8, 2009

Summary

Occupational asthma can develop in structure nail makers due to acrylate compounds in nail products. This case report highlights the health risks and need for protective measures in nail salons.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

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Area of Science:

Occupational health
Toxicology
Immunology

Background:

Nail technicians frequently encounter chemicals in artificial nail products.
Acrylate compounds are common allergens linked to respiratory and skin reactions.

Observation:

Two structure nail makers developed occupational asthma.
Clinical studies involved simulated workplace inhalational exposure.

Findings:

Acrylate compounds in structure nail chemicals were identified as the likely cause of occupational asthma.
Previous research links acrylates to allergic contact dermatitis and asthma.

Implications:

The making of structure nails poses significant health risks to workers.
Appropriate ventilation and personal protective equipment are essential in nail salons.