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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Recognizing and testing allergens.

An Goossens1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St.-Raphaël, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. an.goossens@uz.kuleuven.ac.be

Dermatologic Clinics
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing contact allergy involves a meticulous process, including detailed patient history and retesting if initial skin tests are negative. Accurate identification of allergens is crucial for effective management of allergic contact dermatitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Contact allergy diagnosis is complex and prone to errors at various investigation stages.
  • Failure to identify allergens can lead to misdiagnosis and inadequate patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the essential steps and considerations for accurately diagnosing contact allergy.
  • To emphasize the importance of a systematic approach in allergic contact dermatitis investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Thorough patient anamnesis, including environmental assessment.
  • Retesting of suspected allergens with varied concentrations, vehicles, or methods.
  • Utilizing patient-kept journals to correlate exposure with symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Negative skin test results necessitate revisiting the initial diagnostic steps.
  • Systematic re-evaluation and additional testing can uncover causative allergens.
  • Identification of specific allergens allows for targeted avoidance advice.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of contact allergy relies on a comprehensive and iterative investigation process.
  • Effective management of allergic contact dermatitis requires precise allergen identification and patient education on avoidance.