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[Schizophrenia, a neurodevelopmental illness]

J-P Olié1, F Mouaffak, M-O Krebs

  • 1Inserm U894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France. jp.olie@ch-sainte-anne.fr

Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
|July 15, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Schizophrenia risk is linked to developmental anomalies like low birth weight and cognitive deficits. Genetic and chromosomal factors also suggest neurodevelopmental origins for this psychiatric disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Developmental anomalies are recognized risk factors for schizophrenia.
  • Cognitive deficits and neurological soft signs indicate the schizophrenic spectrum.
  • Neuroimaging reveals structural abnormalities present early in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neurodevelopmental origins of schizophrenia.
  • To identify genetic and chromosomal factors contributing to schizophrenia risk.
  • To understand the role of early developmental processes in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on developmental anomalies and schizophrenia.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging findings in schizophrenia patients.
  • Examination of genetic associations, including DISC-1 and neuroregulin-1.
  • Investigation of chromosomal anomalies in schizophrenia cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Low birth weight, congenital malformations, and delayed learning are risk factors.
  • Structural brain abnormalities are evident early in schizophrenia, potentially due to exaggerated development.
  • Specific genes (DISC-1, neuroregulin-1) and chromosomal anomalies are associated with schizophrenia.
  • Early-onset schizophrenia shows a higher prevalence of chromosomal anomalies.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia has significant neurodevelopmental underpinnings.
  • Genetic and environmental factors interact during development to increase risk.
  • Identifying vulnerable phenotypes is crucial for early screening and intervention.
Abstract

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