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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...

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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
10:40

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

What controls nucleosome positions?

Eran Segal1, Jonathan Widom

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel. eran.segal@weizmann.ac.il

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding how DNA is packaged into nucleosomes is key to gene function. New data reveals factors like DNA sequence, methylation, and proteins influencing nucleosome positioning for genetic processes.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
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Published on: September 10, 2013

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA is organized into nucleosomes, impacting DNA accessibility for proteins.
  • Understanding nucleosome positioning is crucial for deciphering DNA-protein interactions and genetic functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent genome-wide data on nucleosome positioning.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on factors influencing nucleosome positioning.
  • To propose a unified framework for nucleosome positioning and repositioning.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of new genome-wide data (in vivo and in vitro).
  • Review of literature on factors affecting nucleosome positioning.
  • Integration of diverse data to understand chromatin dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Identified key factors influencing nucleosome positioning: DNA sequence, methylation, histone variants/modifications, chromatin structure, and DNA-binding proteins.
  • Highlighted the dynamic nature of nucleosome repositioning across various biological contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleosome positioning is governed by a complex interplay of sequence, epigenetic, and protein factors.
  • A unified framework is needed to explain both stable and dynamic nucleosome positioning.
  • This understanding is vital for comprehending gene regulation in health and disease.