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Anke Grell1, Johan Sundberg, Sten Ternström

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Area of Science:

  • Music Perception and Cognition
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Vocal Physiology

Background:

  • Human vocal production involves complex auditory feedback loops.
  • Skilled musicians demonstrate sophisticated pitch control and auditory processing.
  • Understanding voice adjustments is crucial for audiology and speech science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the real-time vocal adjustments of choral singers to pitch alterations.
  • To examine the impact of vocal fold anesthetization on pitch correction responses.
  • To analyze the relationship between musical skill and auditory-motor feedback in voice production.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (highly and moderately skilled singers) listened to a reference pitch and were instructed to form a major triad.
  • The reference pitch was suddenly shifted, and singers adjusted their fundamental frequency (F0) to compensate.
  • Vocal fold anesthetization was administered to moderately skilled singers to assess its effect on response times.

Main Results:

  • Singer responses often exhibited a two-phase F0 adjustment: an initial rapid shift followed by a slower fine-tuning.
  • Response times ranged from 197 to 259 ms, varying with pitch shift magnitude, direction, skill level, and anesthetization.
  • Anesthetizing the vocal folds of moderately skilled singers resulted in delayed pitch correction responses.

Conclusions:

  • Choral singers employ a sophisticated, multi-phase vocal adjustment mechanism to maintain harmonic accuracy.
  • Auditory-motor feedback for pitch control is sensitive to vocal fold condition and musical expertise.
  • These findings offer insights into the neural and physiological underpinnings of vocal pitch regulation.