Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mobile intervention for emerging adults with regular cannabis use: a micro-randomized trial.

Lancet regional health. Americas·2026
Same author

A SEQUENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE TEST FOR TREATMENT BY COVARIATE INTERACTIONS.

Statistica Sinica·2026
Same author

Reproducible workflow for online artificial intelligence in digital health.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same author

A Beginner's Guide to Applying Large Language Models in Behavioral Interventions.

JMIR mHealth and uHealth·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the construct validity of the Michigan Fatigability Index (MIFI) short forms: a cross-sectional survey study.

Journal of patient-reported outcomes·2026
Same author

When and Why Hyperbolic Discounting Matters for Reinforcement Learning Interventions.

Reinforcement learning journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Inference for non-regular parameters in optimal dynamic treatment regimes.

Bibhas Chakraborty1, Susan Murphy, Victor Strecher

  • 1Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA. bibhas@umich.edu

Statistical Methods in Medical Research
|July 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes can be biased due to non-regularity in longitudinal data. This study evaluates methods to ensure valid confidence intervals for treatment effects in complex scenarios.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis
  • Clinical Trial Methodology

Background:

  • Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) involve sequential decision-making based on patient history.
  • Estimating optimal DTRs from longitudinal data presents statistical challenges, particularly non-regularity.
  • Non-regularity can lead to biased treatment effect estimates and unreliable confidence intervals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the problem of non-regularity in DTR estimation.
  • To evaluate existing and propose novel estimation methods for optimal DTRs.
  • To assess the performance of different estimators in achieving valid confidence intervals.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical discussion of non-regularity in DTR parameter estimation.
  • Extensive simulation studies under various non-regular data distributions.
  • Comparative analysis of statistical estimators' performance regarding bias and confidence interval validity.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific data distributions causing non-regularity in DTR estimation.
  • Simulation results demonstrate varying degrees of bias and confidence interval coverage across estimators.
  • Highlighted specific methods that perform better in non-regular scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Non-regularity is a significant issue affecting the accuracy of optimal DTR estimation.
  • The choice of estimation method critically impacts the validity of treatment effect inference.
  • The study provides guidance on selecting appropriate methods for DTR analysis in longitudinal studies.