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Anger expression styles and blood pressure: evidence for different pathways.
Cornel V Igna1, Juhani Julkunen, Hannu Vanhanen
1University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
Journal of Hypertension
|July 18, 2009
Summary
Different anger expression styles impact blood pressure (BP) through direct pathways or lifestyle factors. Anger-in is linked to higher BP via lifestyle, while open anger expression may benefit BP.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Psychophysiology
- Behavioral Medicine
Background:
- Anger expression styles are hypothesized to influence health outcomes.
- The relationship between anger expression and blood pressure (BP) may involve indirect pathways via health behaviors and body weight.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate comparative models clarifying the relationship between anger expression styles and BP.
- To examine distinct impacts of anger expression on BP, including mediated effects through health behavior and overweight, and direct links.
Main Methods:
- A sample of 705 middle-aged men was analyzed.
- Blood pressure was measured by nurses; health behavior and anger expression styles were assessed via self-report questionnaires.
- Statistical analyses included descriptive analyses, correlations, and path analysis.
Main Results:
- Different anger expression styles showed varied associations with adverse lifestyle factors and BP.
- Anger-in was linked to elevated BP, seemingly mediated by adverse lifestyles.
- Anger-control demonstrated direct pathways to elevated BP, with no significant lifestyle links. Open anger expression showed a beneficial direct effect on BP.
Conclusions:
- Distinct anger expression styles are associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in men.
- These associations operate through various direct or mediated pathways, highlighting the complex interplay between emotional expression and cardiovascular health.
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