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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
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Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Tissue-specific requirements for FGF8 during early inner ear development.

Elena Domínguez-Frutos1, Victor Vendrell, Yolanda Alvarez

  • 1Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Sanz y Forés s/n, E-47003 Valladolid, Spain.

Mechanisms of Development
|July 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (FGF8) is essential for inner ear development in vertebrates. This study shows FGF8 in the mesoderm and endoderm is crucial for otic placode induction and vesicle formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Otic Development

Background:

  • Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling pathways regulate embryonic development.
  • Specific FGF members are implicated in the induction and formation of the otic vesicle, a precursor to the inner ear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the precise roles of FGF8 in distinct tissue compartments during otic development in mice and chickens.
  • To investigate the effects of FGF10 on otic vesicle formation in chicken embryos.

Main Methods:

  • Conditional inactivation of the Fgf8 gene in specific embryonic tissue compartments in mice.
  • Overexpression of Fgf8 and Fgf10 in various tissue sources during otic specification in chicken embryos.

Main Results:

  • FGF8 is demonstrated to be required in the mesoderm and endoderm for early inner ear development.
  • Overexpression of FGF8 in chickens leads to a loss of otic tissue.
  • Ectopic FGF10 overexpression in chickens did not affect otic vesicle formation but induced non-otic ectopic structures.

Conclusions:

  • A precise FGF8 expression pattern is critical for vertebrate inner ear formation.
  • FGF signaling plays a conserved but also species-specific role in otic development.