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Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
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Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
Isotonic contractions
Isotonic contractions occur when a muscle changes length while the...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
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Bilateral neuromuscular and force differences during a plyometric task.

Nick B Ball1, Joanna C Scurr

  • 1Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom. nick.ball@canberra.edu.au

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|July 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found differences in neuromuscular strategies between the left and right legs during the initial phase of bounce drop jumps. However, these differences were not significant enough to impact plantar flexor muscles.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Sports Physiology

Background:

  • Plyometric training enhances athletic performance.
  • Understanding bilateral differences in neuromuscular control is crucial for optimizing jump mechanics.
  • Nonsimultaneous foot placement can influence jump performance and injury risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare bilateral neuromuscular and force contributions during a plyometric bounce drop jump.
  • To assess the effects of nonsimultaneous foot placement on jump biomechanics.
  • To investigate differences in electromyography (EMG) and ground reaction forces between legs.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen male participants performed bounce drop jumps from 0.4 m.
  • Electromyography (EMG) of triceps surae muscles and ground reaction forces were recorded bilaterally.
  • Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Pearson's correlations were used for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in normalized EMG were observed between left and right triceps surae during precontact and early contact phases.
  • No significant differences in EMG were found during the late contact phase.
  • Weak correlations were found between EMG activity and nonsimultaneous foot contact time.

Conclusions:

  • Bilateral differences exist in neuromuscular strategies during the initial phase of drop jumps.
  • Nonsimultaneous foot placement did not lead to significant neuromuscular differences in plantar flexor muscles.
  • These findings contribute to understanding bilateral asymmetries in plyometric performance.