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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...

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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Photoelectron imaging: an experimental window into electronic structure.

Richard Mabbs1, Emily R Grumbling, Kostyantyn Pichugin

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. mabbs@wustl.edu

Chemical Society Reviews
|July 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photoelectron imaging reveals parent electronic structure and chemical dynamics of negative ions. This tutorial uses H(-) and I(-) to explain image interpretation via spectroscopic rules for chemical insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Photoelectron imaging is a powerful technique for studying molecular electronic structure and dynamics.
  • Interpreting photoelectron images requires understanding the link between observed patterns and the parent molecule's properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce fundamental concepts of photoelectron imaging for negative ions.
  • To demonstrate how image interpretation relates to electronic structure using benchmark systems.
  • To extend qualitative interpretation methods to molecular systems for chemical insights.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing photoelectron imaging of benchmark negative ions (H(-) and I(-)).
  • Applying a qualitative interpretation approach based on spectroscopic selection rules.
  • Extending the interpretation methodology to molecular systems.

Main Results:

  • Established clear links between photoelectron images of H(-) and I(-) and their electronic structures.
  • Demonstrated the utility of spectroscopic selection rules for qualitative image analysis.
  • Showcased the applicability of this approach for gaining chemical insights from molecular systems.

Conclusions:

  • Photoelectron imaging provides valuable insights into electronic structure and chemical dynamics.
  • A qualitative, selection-rule-based approach is effective for interpreting photoelectron images of negative ions.
  • This method offers significant chemical insights even without complex computational analysis.