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[G proteins].

V Velarde1, M Hidalgo, J Szecowka

  • 1Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago.

Revista Medica De Chile
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

G proteins are crucial signal transducers for hormones and neurotransmitters. Alterations in these proteins may link to diseases, including certain cancers, due to disrupted transmembrane signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • G proteins are key signal transducers linking cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors.
  • They regulate crucial second messenger molecules like cAMP, cGMP, inositol phosphates, and Ca2+.
  • G proteins are conserved membrane-associated proteins comprising alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the fundamental role of G proteins in transmembrane signaling pathways.
  • To highlight the involvement of G proteins in mediating the action of hormones and neurotransmitters.
  • To explore the potential link between G protein alterations and disease pathogenesis, including malignancies.

Summary:

  • G proteins act as intermediaries between activated membrane receptors and intracellular effectors, controlling cytosolic messenger molecule concentrations.

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  • The alpha subunit of G proteins dictates biological activity and binds guanine nucleotides (GDP and GTP).
  • Structural or quantitative changes in G proteins are implicated in various diseases, with homology to oncogene proteins suggesting a role in cancer via altered signaling.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding G protein function is vital for deciphering hormone and neurotransmitter action.
    • Identifying G protein involvement in diseases can pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
    • The homology between G proteins and oncogene products underscores the importance of transmembrane signaling in cancer development.